| pwd | Print directory | Show the current directory. |
| ls -la | List files | List files including hidden entries. |
| cd <path> | Change directory | Move to another directory. |
| cp -r <src> <dst> | Copy | Copy files or directories. |
| mv <src> <dst> | Move | Move or rename a path. |
| rm -r <path> | Remove | Remove files or directories recursively. |
| mkdir -p <path> | Create directory | Create parent directories as needed. |
| find <path> -name <pattern> | Find | Find paths by name. |
| grep -R <text> <path> | Search text | Search text recursively. |
| head -n 20 <file> | Head | Show the first lines of a file. |
| tail -f <file> | Follow log | Follow appended file content. |
| chmod 755 <path> | Permissions | Change file mode bits. |
| chown <user>:<group> <path> | Ownership | Change file ownership. |
| ps aux | Processes | List running processes. |
| kill <pid> | Terminate | Send the default termination signal. |
| df -h | Disk space | Show filesystem usage. |
| du -sh <path> | Path size | Show total size of a path. |
| free -h | Memory | Show memory usage. |
| ip addr | Addresses | Show network interfaces and addresses. |
| ss -lntup | Sockets | Show listening TCP and UDP sockets. |
| curl -I <url> | HTTP headers | Fetch response headers. |
| tar -czf out.tar.gz <path> | Archive | Create a gzip-compressed tar archive. |
